The kidneys play a vital role in filtering blood through a process known as glomerular filtration. The blood is filtered in microscopic units called nephrons, which are located in the kidneys.
As blood flows through the nephrons, it passes through tiny capillaries known as glomeruli. These glomeruli have a unique structure that allows for the filtration of waste products, excess fluids, and other substances from the blood into the nephrons.
The process of filtration occurs due to differences in pressure between the blood and the nephrons. Blood pressure forces water, ions, nutrients, and small molecules through the walls of the glomeruli and into the nephrons, forming a filtrate.
The filtrate then passes through the renal tubules, where various components are selectively reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. This reabsorption process helps to maintain the body’s balance of electrolytes, water, and other important substances.
Finally, the remaining filtered waste products and excess fluids, known as urine, are collected and transported to the bladder for elimination from the body.
In summary, the kidneys act as a filtration system, removing waste products, toxins, and excess fluids from the blood, and maintaining the body’s internal balance, known as homeostasis.